![]() ![]() See also: Santa Cruz (sheep) Scorpion Ranch, 2009 : 101–102 Castillero transferred title to his agent William Barron in 1857. A claim was filed with the Land Commission in 1852, confirmed by the US Supreme Court in 1860, and the grant was patented to Andrés Castillero in 1867. When California became a state in 1850, the United States government, through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, required that land previously granted by Spanish and Mexican governments be proved before the Board of Land Commissioners. Governor Juan Alvarado made a Mexican land grant of the Island of Santa Cruz to his aide Captain Andrés Castillero in 1839. They lived for a short time in an area now known as Prisoners' Harbor before escaping to the mainland. Around 80 prisoners were sent to Santa Barbara where, upon arrival, 31 incorrigibles were sent to Santa Cruz Island. In an effort to increase the Mexican presence, the government began sending convicted criminals to California in 1830. ![]() With Mexico's independence from Spain in 1821, the Mexican government asserted its control over Alta California. ![]() George Vancouver used the same name on his 1793 map. Hence, the name La Isla de la Santa Cruz (island of the holy cross) appeared on their exploration map of 1770. The Chumash on the next day returned a staff, topped by an iron cross, which had been inadvertently left behind by the Spanish. The name of Santa Cruz for the island came about when Gaspar de Portola expedition visited the Chumash village Xaxas on the island. Beset by diseases such as measles, the Chumash declined in numbers until, in 1822, the last of the Chumash left the island for mainland California missions. When Mission San Buenaventura was founded across the channel in 1782, it commenced the slow religious conversion of the Santa Cruz Chumash. The island was considered for establishment of a Catholic mission to serve the large Chumash population. Father Palóu wrote of Father Vizcaíno's visit to the Santa Cruz village of Xaxas that the missionaries on ship went ashore and "they were well received by the heathen and presented with fish, in return for which the Indians were given some strings of beads." Fernando Librado was born at Mission San Buenaventura in 1839 as the son of two parents from Chumash villages located on the island. Traveling with him were Father Juan González Vizcaíno and Father Francisco Palóu. Finally, in 1769, the land-and-sea expedition of Don Gaspar de Portolà reached Santa Cruz Island. Between 16 there was no recorded European contact with the island. His map named Santa Cruz Island the Isla de Gente Barbuda (island of the bearded people). In 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno led the last Spanish expedition to California. Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo first observed the island in 1542, later estimated to be inhabited by 2,000 to 3,000 Chumash on the three northern Channel Islands, with 11 villages on Santa Cruz. ![]() The Chumash people who lived on the island developed a highly complex society dependent on marine harvest, craft specialization and trade with the mainland population. It was known as Limuw (place of the sea) or Michumash in the Chumash language. History Early history Īrchaeological investigations indicate that Santa Cruz Island has been occupied for at least 10,000 years. Ownership is split between the National Park Service (24%) and the Nature Conservancy (76%). Santa Cruz is the largest privately owned island off the contiguous United States. The 2000 census showed a population of two people. The island is part of Santa Barbara County, California. The largest of these is Painted Cave, among the world's largest. This volcanic rock was heavily fractured during an uplift phase that formed the island, and over a hundred large sea caves have been carved into the resulting faults. A central valley splits the island along the Santa Cruz Island Fault, with volcanic rock on the north and older sedimentary rock on the south. The highest point is Devils Peak, at over 2,450 feet (747 m). The island's coastline has steep cliffs, large sea caves, coves, and sandy beaches. Forming part of the northern group of the Channel Islands, Santa Cruz is 22 miles (35 km) long and 2 to 6 miles (3 to 10 km) wide with an area of 61,764.6 acres (249.952 km 2). It is the largest island in California and largest of the eight islands in the Channel Islands archipelago and Channel Islands National Park. Santa Cruz Island ( Spanish: Isla Santa Cruz, Chumash: Limuw ) is located off the southwestern coast of Ventura, California, United States. Rangers and tourists are the only residents ![]()
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